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In summary, the available gain of an RF amplifier is a function of S21, but also of S11 and S22 and how well ports 1 and 2 are matched. The available gain is higher than S21. The worse that S11 and S22 are, the more external matching that is needed, the more gain can be squeezed out of the amplifier. Because S11 and S22 are changing over frequency, matching is like trying to hit a moving target. Therefore wideband matches are difficult, if not impossible to do.