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Transmitting and receiving antennas are used to focus and direct radio waves in specific directions. Antennas are another component that can be adjusted to increase the distance data can travel in a wireless communication system. Antenna gain is an important variable that can be adjusted in order to increase range. Antenna gain describes the amount of focus the antenna is able to apply to the system by directing the energy. The more focus the antenna can apply, the more range the system will yield. High gain antennas can achieve greater range than low gain antennas, though they cover less area. Omni-directional antennas focus energy evenly in a doughnut-shape around the antenna. Directional Antennas focus energy more in one direction. Notice how, like the flashlight, the beam width is decreased as gain is increased.
